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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Mrázek, František (referee) ; Posová, Helena (referee)
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Postnatální změny ledvin králíka
ROČEŇOVÁ, Adéla
The kidneys are the main excretory organ that completes morphological and functional development in a species-different postnatal period of an individual's life. This bachelor thesis dealt with morphometric and histological changes in the kidneys of rabbits. The study included 42 New Zealand white rabbits at the age of 0, 5, 10, 14, 19, 27, 32 days. During this period, the length, width and weight of the kidneys and histological changes were determined, and at the age of 14, 19, 27, 32 days also the length, width, area and number of renal corpusles. In newborn rabbits, the average kidneys length was 9.75+-0.66 mm and the width was 5.88+-0.78 mm. Over 32 days, length increased by 117.44% (21.2+-1.71 mm) and width by 144.90 % (14.4+-1.61 mm). The most significant increase in kidneys length and width occurred in the first 19 days of life (length 110.26 %, width 144.56 %). The average kidneys weight of the newborn rabbit was 0.25+-0.03 g and 2.40+-0.83 g on day 32. A nephrogenic zone and nephrons type I and II were observed in the kidneys up to 10 days of age. By day 19, nephrons type III were present. The onset of marrow differentiation into inner and outer zones was noted at 10 days and at 14 days the zones were fully distinguishable. In 14-day-old individuals, the average length of renal corpusles was 55.10+-6.32 um, width 67.51+-8.91 um and area 3125.25+-778.99 um2. In 32 days, the length reached 76.90+-6.26 um, the width 93.96+-6.10 um and the area 5963.06+-851.05 um2. High correlation coefficients ranging from 0.886 to 0.972 were found between body weight and renal morphometric parameters. High correlation coefficients were found also between the weight of the kidneys and the morphometric parameters of the renal corpuscles. A negative coefficient was found between the area and the number of renal corpuscles (rxy = -0.997).
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Molecular genetic characterization of the rare tumours of the urogenital tract.
Šteiner, Petr ; Vaněček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this study was molecular characterization of four types of renal tumours (papillary renal cell carcinoma [PRCC], tubulocystic renal carcinoma [TCRC], pseudorossette forming renal carcinoma [PRRC] and unclassified renal carcinomas [URC]) and two types of rare tumours of the testes (Adult type of granulosa cell tumours [ATGCTs] and Incompletely differentiated sex cord stromal tumours [ISCSTs]). In case of TCRC the activity of signalling pathways involved in angiogenesis was studied. The aim was to determine the suitability of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of TCRC. Next, the methylation profile of 24 tumor suppressor genes was studied in TCRC and PRCC in order to analyze their similarity. Eventual differences could be helpful tool in differential diagnostics. Also, spectrum of chromosomal aberrations was analyzed by array-CGH in one case of PRRC and two cases of URC. Any unique aberration found would be useful in differential diagnostics of these tumors. Last, but not least, the specificity of mutation c.402C>G of FOXL2 gene for ovarian ATGCTs was verified by studying its occurrence in testicular ATGCTs and ISCSTs. Analysis of mRNA levels did not reveal any enhanced activity of the studied signalling pathways. Cluster analysis of methylation profiles showed close relationship between PRCC a...
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Genetic and molecular factors influencing the outcome of solid organ transplantation
Pavlova, Yelena ; Slavčev, Antonij (advisor) ; Kalina, Tomáš (referee) ; Mrázek, František (referee)
Since its beginning, graft rejection remains the key problem of solid organ transplantation. This reaction of the recipient's immune system against mismatched antigens of the transplanted organ causes graft damage and consequently loss of its function. Rejection involves cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Among the genetic factors which may have a prognostic value in rejection risk evaluation are the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) genotype, the Killer Immunoglobuline-like Receptor (KIR) gene repertoir, cytokine and other gene polymorphisms. These factors could be screened for before transplantation to find the best possible combination of genetic characteristics of the donor and recipient and to reveal patients with "risky" genotypes, who may need more intensive immunosuppression and more careful post-transplant follow-up. Molecular factors, such as HLA and non-HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 molecule (sCD30), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and other cytokines, measured before and/or after transplantation in the recipient's blood may be helpful for rejection risk estimation and may also be used as post-transplant rejection onset markers. In our study, we focused on some of the above mentioned factors. We found that ethnicity plays a significant role in the...
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Molecular genetic characterization of the rare tumours of the urogenital tract.
Šteiner, Petr ; Vaněček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
The aim of this study was molecular characterization of four types of renal tumours (papillary renal cell carcinoma [PRCC], tubulocystic renal carcinoma [TCRC], pseudorossette forming renal carcinoma [PRRC] and unclassified renal carcinomas [URC]) and two types of rare tumours of the testes (Adult type of granulosa cell tumours [ATGCTs] and Incompletely differentiated sex cord stromal tumours [ISCSTs]). In case of TCRC the activity of signalling pathways involved in angiogenesis was studied. The aim was to determine the suitability of antiangiogenic agents for treatment of TCRC. Next, the methylation profile of 24 tumor suppressor genes was studied in TCRC and PRCC in order to analyze their similarity. Eventual differences could be helpful tool in differential diagnostics. Also, spectrum of chromosomal aberrations was analyzed by array-CGH in one case of PRRC and two cases of URC. Any unique aberration found would be useful in differential diagnostics of these tumors. Last, but not least, the specificity of mutation c.402C>G of FOXL2 gene for ovarian ATGCTs was verified by studying its occurrence in testicular ATGCTs and ISCSTs. Analysis of mRNA levels did not reveal any enhanced activity of the studied signalling pathways. Cluster analysis of methylation profiles showed close relationship between PRCC a...
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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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